James Madison 163 cm short political

ـــــــــــــــــ

Short Political -- United States

 163 cm James Madison Shortest US President at 5 ft 4 in or 1.63 m.James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. the Eighth short political in the world . short political.

He was the principal author of the US Constitution, and is often called the "Father of the Constitution". In 1788, he wrote over a third of the Federalist Papers, an influential commentary on the Constitution. The first president to have served in the United States Congress, he was a leader in the 1st United States Congress, drafting many basic laws, and was responsible for the first ten amendments to the Constitution (said to be based on the Virginia Declaration of Rights) and thus is also known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights". As a political theorist, Madison's most distinctive belief was that the new republic needed checks and balances to protect individual rights from the tyranny of the majority.short political.

As leader in the House of Representatives, Madison worked closely with President George Washington to organize the new federal government. Breaking with Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton in 1791, Madison and Thomas Jefferson organized what they called the Republican Party (later called the Democratic-Republican Party) in opposition to key policies of the Federalists, especially the national bank and the Jay Treaty. He secretly co-authored, along with Thomas Jefferson, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts. short political.

As Jefferson's Secretary of State (1801–1809), Madison supervised the Louisiana Purchase, doubling the nation's size, and sponsored the ill-fated Embargo Act of 1807. As president, he led the nation into the War of 1812 against Great Britain. During and after the war, Madison reversed many of his positions. By 1815, he supported the creation of the second National Bank, a strong military, and a high tariff to protect the new factories opened during the war.short political.

See also
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ

• List of Shorter political in the world.
• Benito Juárez 137 cm short political.
• Renato Brunetta 143 cm short political.
• Robert Reich 148 cm short political.
• Deng Xiaoping 148 cm short political.
• Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 150 cm short political.
• Daniel Deniehy 152 cm short political.
• Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 153 cm short political.
• James Madison 163 cm short political.
• Joseph Stalin 163 cm short political.
• King John 165 cm short political.
• Emperor Hirohito 165 cm short political.
• Nicolas Sarkozy 165 cm Short Political.